土拨鼠洞穴的气动特性及仿生通风系统研究
少年创新探索, 2026, 3(1), 16-21; https://doi.org/10.58244/jle.263601
摘要：我受《画说流体力学》启发，设计了无需额外动力的通风系统。研究中设计三种模型，两种基于伯努利原理的管道A和B，一种传统电力驱动风扇样本作对照。测试表明，双侧弧面的B型管道优于单侧弧面的A型，外界风速与换气道内气流速度呈线性关系，B型斜率0.58，即室外1米/秒的风可引起0.58米/秒换气，优于A型的0.24。与传统风扇对【更多...】
关键词：土拨鼠洞穴；伯努利原理；烟雾；换气；排风
关键词： 土拨鼠洞穴；伯努利原理；烟雾；换气；排风
摘要
摘 要：
我受《画说流体力学》启发，设计了无需额外动力的通风系统。研究中设计三种模型，两种基于伯努利原理的管道A和B，一种传统电力驱动风扇样本作对照。测试表明，双侧弧面的B型管道优于单侧弧面的A型，外界风速与换气道内气流速度呈线性关系，B型斜率0.58，即室外1米/秒的风可引起0.58米/秒换气，优于A型的0.24。与传统风扇对照排烟实验显示，无动力管道排烟略逊，排清烟雾平均35秒，传统风机30秒，但无动力管道不受断电等影响，随时可运作。目前研究取得初步效果，设计了更完善气流运行系统，模拟了土拨鼠洞穴效果。日常利用可伯努利原理，有风时可缓慢换气；应急时能更好排烟，提升生存能力。
我受《画说流体力学》启发，设计了无需额外动力的通风系统。研究中设计三种模型，两种基于伯努利原理的管道A和B，一种传统电力驱动风扇样本作对照。测试表明，双侧弧面的B型管道优于单侧弧面的A型，外界风速与换气道内气流速度呈线性关系，B型斜率0.58，即室外1米/秒的风可引起0.58米/秒换气，优于A型的0.24。与传统风扇对照排烟实验显示，无动力管道排烟略逊，排清烟雾平均35秒，传统风机30秒，但无动力管道不受断电等影响，随时可运作。目前研究取得初步效果，设计了更完善气流运行系统，模拟了土拨鼠洞穴效果。日常利用可伯努利原理，有风时可缓慢换气；应急时能更好排烟，提升生存能力。
关键词：土拨鼠洞穴；伯努利原理；烟雾；换气；排风
Abstract:
Inspired by Illustrated Fluid Dynamics, I designed a ventilation system that operates without additional power. The study involved designing three models: two ducts (A and B) based on Bernoulli's principle and one traditional electrically powered fan as a control. Test results showed that the B-type duct with double-arc surfaces outperformed the A-type duct with a single-arc surface. A linear relationship was observed between external wind speed and airflow velocity in the ventilation ducts, with the B-type duct achieving a slope of 0.58 (meaning 1 m/s of external wind induces 0.58 m/s of airflow), compared to 0.24 for the A-type duct. In smoke extraction experiments compared with the traditional fan, the no-power duct performed slightly less efficiently, taking an average of 35 seconds to clear smoke versus 30 seconds for the traditional fan. However, the no-power duct remains operational at all times without being affected by power outages. The preliminary research has yielded promising results, leading to the design of a more refined airflow system that simulates the ventilation effects of marmot burrows. In daily applications, the system utilizes Bernoulli's principle to enable slow air exchange when wind is present. In emergencies, it can efficiently extract smoke, thereby enhancing survival capabilities.
Inspired by Illustrated Fluid Dynamics, I designed a ventilation system that operates without additional power. The study involved designing three models: two ducts (A and B) based on Bernoulli's principle and one traditional electrically powered fan as a control. Test results showed that the B-type duct with double-arc surfaces outperformed the A-type duct with a single-arc surface. A linear relationship was observed between external wind speed and airflow velocity in the ventilation ducts, with the B-type duct achieving a slope of 0.58 (meaning 1 m/s of external wind induces 0.58 m/s of airflow), compared to 0.24 for the A-type duct. In smoke extraction experiments compared with the traditional fan, the no-power duct performed slightly less efficiently, taking an average of 35 seconds to clear smoke versus 30 seconds for the traditional fan. However, the no-power duct remains operational at all times without being affected by power outages. The preliminary research has yielded promising results, leading to the design of a more refined airflow system that simulates the ventilation effects of marmot burrows. In daily applications, the system utilizes Bernoulli's principle to enable slow air exchange when wind is present. In emergencies, it can efficiently extract smoke, thereby enhancing survival capabilities.
Keywords: Marmot burrows; Bernoulli's principle; Smoke; Air exchange; Exhaust ventilation
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作者
作 者 / Authors：
王胤媛 Junyuan secondary School (新加坡)
参考文献
References：
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