“让植物替我尝尝牛奶坏了没”——牛奶变质指示膜
提交：2026-01-19录用：2026-04-07
少年创新探索, 2026, 3(2); https://doi.org/10.58244/jie.263868
摘要：我利用植物中存在的花青素来制作一种天然pH指示剂，以天然植物花青素为pH响应原料，壳聚糖为成膜基材，制备可食用pH指示膜。通过筛选茄子皮、蝶豆花、葡萄皮等6种富含花青素的蔬果皮，发现葡萄皮和蝶豆花显色性能最优（pH 2-13呈现“红→紫→蓝→绿”系列变化），葡萄皮因富含果胶成膜效果最佳。采用超声辅助水提法提取花青素，结合壳聚糖溶液成膜，优化后确定2%壳聚糖【更多...】
关键词：花青素；指示膜；牛奶变质检测
摘要
摘 要：
我利用植物中存在的花青素来制作一种天然pH指示剂，以天然植物花青素为pH响应原料，壳聚糖为成膜基材，制备可食用pH指示膜。通过筛选茄子皮、蝶豆花、葡萄皮等6种富含花青素的蔬果皮，发现葡萄皮和蝶豆花显色性能最优（pH 2-13呈现“红→紫→蓝→绿”系列变化），葡萄皮因富含果胶成膜效果最佳。采用超声辅助水提法提取花青素，结合壳聚糖溶液成膜，优化后确定2%壳聚糖浓度下指示膜显色灵敏度最高。进一步通过葡萄皮与蝶豆花提取液复合，提升成膜性与显色效果，得到最佳配方（20 g 2%壳聚糖溶液、2 mL葡萄皮提取液、2 mL蝶豆花提取液）。应用于牛奶变质检测，自制指示膜对pH 6.2-6.8弱酸性区间响应灵敏，RGB值变化规律显著，优于传统pH试纸，可实现牛奶早期变质的快速、可视化监测，为天然智能指示膜的开发及食品废弃物高值化利用提供了新思路。
关键词：花青素；指示膜；牛奶变质检测
Abstract:
In this study, natural anthocyanins extracted from plants were used to develop a pH‑sensitive indicator film. Using anthocyanins as the pH‑responsive component and chitosan as the film‑forming matrix, an edible pH indicator film was prepared. Six types of anthocyanin‑rich vegetable and fruit peels (including eggplant peel, butterfly pea flower, and grape skin) were screened. Grape skin and butterfly pea flower showed the best color‑changing performance (exhibiting a series of changes from red to purple to blue to green across pH 2‑13). Grape skin, rich in pectin, gave the best film‑forming properties. Anthocyanins were extracted by ultrasound‑assisted water extraction and then combined with chitosan solution. The optimal film sensitivity was achieved at a chitosan concentration of 2%. Furthermore, a composite extract of grape skin and butterfly pea flower improved both film‑forming ability and color response. The optimal formulation was determined as: 20 g of 2% chitosan solution, 2 mL of grape skin extract, and 2 mL of butterfly pea flower extract. When applied to milk spoilage detection, the indicator film showed a sensitive response to the weakly acidic pH range of 6.2‑6.8, with significant and consistent changes in RGB values, outperforming traditional pH test paper. This film enables rapid, visual monitoring of early‑stage milk spoilage, providing a new approach for the development of natural smart indicator films and the high‑value utilization of food waste.
Keywords: Anthocyanin; Indicator film; Milk spoilage detection
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参考文献
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