“变废为宝”：利用天然植物纤维制作蔬菜大棚薄膜
提交：2026-01-17录用：2026-04-09
少年创新探索, 2026, 3(2); https://doi.org/10.58244/jie.263869
摘要：我发现农用塑料薄膜功能单一且不好以降解的问题，所以利用天然植物基材料制备环保型保温复合薄膜。我用木屑、秸秆等天然材料为原料，通过碱处理的方法提取木质纤维素，并与聚乙烯醇混合，成功制备了木质纤维素/PVA复合薄膜。通过测试不同植物材料及添加量对薄膜力学性能、保温性、透光率和可降解性的影响，结果表明：木屑的添加能明显提升薄膜的保温性能，同时保持【更多...】
关键词：植物基材料；复合薄膜；保温性能
摘要
摘 要：
我发现农用塑料薄膜功能单一且不好以降解的问题，所以利用天然植物基材料制备环保型保温复合薄膜。我用木屑、秸秆等天然材料为原料，通过碱处理的方法提取木质纤维素，并与聚乙烯醇混合，成功制备了木质纤维素/PVA复合薄膜。通过测试不同植物材料及添加量对薄膜力学性能、保温性、透光率和可降解性的影响，结果表明：木屑的添加能明显提升薄膜的保温性能，同时保持较高的透光率和抗紫外线能力。综合性能测试发现，当木屑添加量为2.5%时，复合薄膜在保温性、力学强度与透光率之间达到最佳平衡。此外，该复合薄膜在自然土壤中两周的降解率可达8.32%，远高于市售普通薄膜，具有良好的生物降解性能。
关键词：植物基材料；复合薄膜；保温性能
Abstract:
Observing that agricultural plastic films have single functions and are difficult to degrade, this study used natural plant‑based materials to prepare an environmentally friendly thermal insulation composite film. Lignocellulose was extracted from natural materials such as sawdust and straw through alkali treatment and then mixed with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) to successfully prepare a lignocellulose/PVA composite film. The effects of different plant materials and addition amounts on the mechanical properties, thermal insulation, light transmittance, and degradability of the film were tested. The results show that the addition of sawdust significantly improves the thermal insulation performance of the film while maintaining high light transmittance and UV resistance. Comprehensive performance tests indicate that when the sawdust addition amount is 2.5%, the composite film achieves the best balance among thermal insulation, mechanical strength, and light transmittance. In addition, the degradation rate of this composite film in natural soil reaches 8.32% within two weeks, which is much higher than that of ordinary commercial films, demonstrating good biodegradability.
Keywords: Plant‑based materials; Composite film; Thermal insulation performance
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