MOSP / 期刊 / 科学与人文艺术 / 2026年·第3卷·第2期
专栏:植物心语预上线

不懂垂柳很多年

The Graceful Enigma of the Weeping Willow

作者:钟留群*
 浙江大学附属中学浙江 杭州
*通信作者:钟留群;单位:浙江大学附属中学浙江 杭州
提交:2026-01-29录用:2026-01-31出版:2026-07-29
科学与人文艺术, 2026, 3(2), 19-23; https://doi.org/10.58244/sha.263960
摘 要:
摘要:垂柳(Salix babylonica),杨柳科柳属落叶乔木,广泛分布于全球温带及亚热带地区。“柳树”是柳属植物的统称,西湖边最多见的是垂柳,以细长下垂的枝条为标志性特点。垂柳雌雄异株,雄花序花后脱落,雌花序留枝结果,种子附生白色绒毛形成柳絮。它的传粉比较特殊,打破了柔荑花序植物多为风媒的常规,演化出依靠蜜腺吸引昆虫的虫媒机制。受自身特性、生长条件及病虫害影【更多...】
关键词:垂柳;雌雄异株;柔荑花序;植物学;文化艺术
关键词: 垂柳;雌雄异株;柔荑花序;植物学;文化艺术

摘要

摘 要:
垂柳(Salix babylonica),杨柳科柳属落叶乔木,广泛分布于全球温带及亚热带地区。“柳树”是柳属植物的统称,西湖边最多见的是垂柳,以细长下垂的枝条为标志性特点。垂柳雌雄异株,雄花序花后脱落,雌花序留枝结果,种子附生白色绒毛形成柳絮。它的传粉比较特殊,打破了柔荑花序植物多为风媒的常规,演化出依靠蜜腺吸引昆虫的虫媒机制。受自身特性、生长条件及病虫害影响,垂柳的寿命通常较短。从实用价值到审美意趣,从古典诗文到成语、俗语,在中国传统文化中,垂柳承载着离别、思念、生命力等丰富的情感与内涵。
关键词:垂柳;雌雄异株;柔荑花序;植物学;文化艺术
 
Abstract:
Weeping willow (Salix babylonica), A deciduous tree in the Salicaceae family, genus Salix, widely distributed across temperate and subtropical regions. Distinguished by long, drooping branches, it is the dominant willow species around West Lake.‌ Weeping willow is dioecious: Male catkins fall after flowering, while female catkins remain to produce fruit. Their seeds develop fluffy "willow catkins" with attached white hairs. Uniquely, it evolved from wind-pollination to entomophily, attracting insects via nectar glands—a rare exception among catkin-bearing plants. Short lifespan due to inherent biological traits, environmental conditions, and susceptibility to pests and diseases. In traditional Chinese culture, it symbolizes parting, longing, and vitality, permeating poetry, idioms, and proverbs. 
Keywords: Weeping willow; Dioecious; Catkin‌; Botany; Art and nature
 
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钟留群,浙江大学附属中学高中生物教师,几十年如一日引领着学生在大千世界里探索科学、感悟生命。心里的世界是通感的,总是在边界模糊不清的世界里游走,比如想让科学更文艺,想让文艺更科学。获过各级教学奖,著有散文集,并在博物绘画领域获专业奖项。偕学生共同创立学生社团生命社并开设相关选修课,先后建立校园植物网站,完善学校标本馆并建设学校种子馆等,致力于让学习的方式多种多样。

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