代际互动视角下基于情感补偿机制的机构养老空间原型研究
A Study on the Spatial Prototypes of Institutional Elderly Care Based on Intergenerational Interaction and Emotional Compensation Mechanisms
提交：2026-03-07录用：2026-05-23出版：2026-06-30
空间, 2026, 2(2); https://doi.org/10.58244/spatium.264020
课题资助：华侨大学科研启动费项目（编号：20241XD057）；教育部协同育人项目（编号：2508065540）
摘要：当前我国老龄化程度不断加深，机构养老的角色已从原先的补充性模式转为基础性支撑，这类养老模式在情感支持、社会参与两个层面还存在比较大的短板，具体表现为“物质供给相对充分、情感供给严重缺位”的状态。本文围绕上述问题，以实现情感补偿为目标，结合案例分析、机制归纳两类研究方法，梳理养老机构中非血缘代际互动的形成路径，以及这类关系落地需要的空间实现方式。跨代互【更多...】
关键词：机构养老；跨代互动；跨代关系；情感补偿机制
摘要
摘 要：
当前我国老龄化程度不断加深，机构养老的角色已从原先的补充性模式转为基础性支撑，这类养老模式在情感支持、社会参与两个层面还存在比较大的短板，具体表现为“物质供给相对充分、情感供给严重缺位”的状态。本文围绕上述问题，以实现情感补偿为目标，结合案例分析、机制归纳两类研究方法，梳理养老机构中非血缘代际互动的形成路径，以及这类关系落地需要的空间实现方式。跨代互动的形成会按照“共处—互动—关系”的顺序逐步推进，这类互动要实现有效转化，离不开高频低强度接触、互利平等关系、边界可控机制三类要素的共同支撑。本文整理多个国际典型案例的相关资料后，进一步归纳出可视共存、行为触发、停留关系三类空间原型，同时重新界定了养老空间的角色，不再将其看作单纯的照护容器，而是定位为关系触发器。跨代互动无法由空间直接催生，空间会通过调节接触条件、行为门槛与驻留质量，参与到整个代际关系的生成流程中。本文的研究结论，能为养老机构构建情感补偿机制、设计跨代互动空间提供对应的类型化参考与策略依据。
关键词：机构养老；跨代互动；跨代关系；情感补偿机制
Abstract:
As Chinese society transitions from moderate to advanced aging, the model of institutional care is evolving from a supplementary arrangement into a foundational support system. However, a significant imbalance persists within current elderly care services: while material provisions are relatively abundant, emotional support remains notably deficient. Adopting an intergenerational interaction perspective, this study interprets this emotional deficit as a structural scarcity of social relationships within the institutional care environment. Employing a comprehensive approach that combines case analysis with mechanism-based reasoning, the research delves deeply into how non-kin intergenerational relationships emerge and are sustained within institutional care settings, serving as a form of emotional compensation. This study identifies a progressive interactive process—specifically, co-presence, interaction, and connection—and posits that the effective transition between these stages relies on three key mechanisms: high-frequency, low-intensity contact; mutually beneficial relationships; and prudent boundary management. Based on an analysis of representative international case studies, the research proposes three spatial archetypes: observational spaces, collaborative spaces, and transitional fluid spaces. These spatial archetypes correspond to distinct stages of intergenerational interaction and collectively constitute a supportive spatial framework. The research findings indicate that space does not directly generate emotional connections; rather, it facilitates their formation by modulating conditions of encounter, behavioral thresholds, and duration of stay. Accordingly, the function of space is redefined: shifting from that of a passive container for care provision to that of an active catalyst for social relationships. This study offers a typological framework and a set of design strategies aimed at integrating emotional support into institutionalized elderly care through spatial organizational means.
Keywords: Elderly care institutions; Intergenerational interaction; Intergenerational relations; Emotional compensation m echanisms.
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参考文献
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